Bay leaf contains volatile oils and alkaloids. Current investigation on bay leaves proposed that leaves contain the major sesquiterpene lactone, costunolide, and its α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone moiety [584]. They play an important role in preventing flatulence colic and enhancing the gastric fluid secretion. Bay leaves possess isoquercitrin compound which is responsible for its alkyl radical scavenging activity. Dehydrocostus lactone, zaluzanin D, and (1 R,4S)-1-hydro-peroxy-p-menth-2-en-8-ol acetate are identified from methanol extract of bay leaves that is responsible for the trypanocidal activity. Isoquercetin (flavonoid) is an active principle of bay leaves. In another investigation, bay leaves contain guaianolides eremanthin and germacronolide costunolide [129]. 1,8-cineole is the major component of bay leaves. The other predominant components are α-terpinyl acetate, sabinene, apinene, limonene, linalool, terpinene-4-ol, β-pinene, bornyl acetate, aterpineol, myrcene, α-phellandrene, p-cymene, methyleugenol, germacrene D, α-thujene, β-elemol, camphene, and eugenol [239]. The other sesquiterpene lactones are (1 3b-chlorodehydrocostuslactone, and (2 5a,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-3,3a,4,5,5a,6,7,8-octahydro-1-oxacyclopenta [c] azulene-2-one as identified by chromatographic separation. Various secondary metabolites are isolated from bay leaves like monoterpene, germacrene alcohols, catechin, procyanidin derivatives, laurenobiolide, glycosylated flavonoids, and megastigmane glucosides [217]
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